PATTERNS AND HISTORICAL COSTUMES IN PRUSSIAN RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE IN THE 19TH AND THE FIRST DECADES OF THE 20TH CENTURY AND THE RECEPTION OF THESE DESIGNS IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF RURAL HOUSES

ABSTRACT

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of the reception of patterns of residential architecture in the residential buildings of the lower social layer (peasantry) inhabiting rural areas in Prussia in the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century. The area covered by research, in terms of territory, is the state of Prussia, or more strictly the Kingdom of Prussia in its basic form, in which it functioned throughout the 19th century and is currently located within the borders of the Polish state. The method of historical and interpretative research based on typological research was adopted for our research. Comparative analysis of architectural objects in the above-mentioned area was based on the analysis of formal features of style, articulation of the elevation of objects and analysis of their structure and architectural form. The point was examination of the impact of factors, such as the influence of architectural trends in force and developing in Europe in the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century on fixed forms of regional, traditional rural housing in Prussia. The evolution of the forms of rural residential houses in Prussia adopted a multifaceted and multi-threaded pattern. The shape and wider character of a farmhouse, depending initially on the influence of building traditions of settlers colonizing rural areas, was later influenced by the promotion of stylish features realized in residential architecture. As a result of the research, a set of features of residential architecture was identified that resonated into rural housing along with the specification of the impact on traditional forms of regional architecture and the effects of this process. As a result of drawing architectural designs from residential architecture, certain types of rural housing developed, which grew out of the centuries-old tradition of a country house, and adopted stylish "costumes" in the 19th century.

Keywords: residential architecture, stylish "costume", vernacular architecture, reception of architecture designs, historicism